Ds90lt012a pdf

In addition, increasing levels of embedded processing and connectivity can be seen on these modules. They are usually categorized into 2-, 4-, 8- and channel modules. They also need short-circuit and overload protection. All these modules include isolation between the control side and the field side via DC-DC converters and isolation on the digital communication side between the field devices and the digital backplane.

They can also be classi fied as brick type versus modular PLCs. A small or brick PLC has a fixed number of connections for inputs and outputs. Modular PLCs have a chassis also called a rack into which are placed modules with different functions.

The CPU performs the main controller functions like scanning data and running control sequences. The power supply unit converts line power to 24 volts.

Together, the. Texas Instruments analog input solutions address a wide range of analog input modules in the factory and process automation industry, including temperature thermocouple and RTD , mA and single ended or differential V, V, 5 V and 10 V.

Industry 4. Small footprint and high efficiency isolated power supplies for generating positive and negative voltages help meet the demands for more channels per module and smaller form factors. These inputs mA V, 5 V, 2. The protection circuitry does not negatively 0. The TIDA reference design enables faster development of high precision temperature measurement solutions using bit delta-sigma ADC and most widely used temperature sensors like thermocouple and RTD.

The design guide will address the sensor signal conditioning, thermocouple cold junction compensation, ratiometric measurement technique for RTD, recommended software flow, sensor linearization, sensor diagnostics, transient protection, PCB layout and other practical design considerations for achieving high precision robust design for temperature measurement in industrial applications.

The temperature sensor interface module is a fully isolated design, which is essential for small sensor signal measurement. The heart of this reference design is a bit delta-sigma ADC that provides a high resolution, high integration, low-noise, and low-cost complete sensor analog front-end AFE for DC sensing applications.

This ADC also makes it suitable to interface with different types of sensors, thus saving board space, reducing design efforts, decreasing the time to market, and lowering BOM cost. Multi-channel, low power bit sensor AFE with true continuous background calibration. Texas Instruments analog output solutions address a wide range of analog input modules in the factory and process automa tion industry, mA and single ended or differential V, V, 5 V and 10 V.

The TI Designs provide insights in how to handle universal output, multiple channels per module and adaptive power supplies to reduce thermal constraints in slim. Small footprint and high effi ciency isolated power supplies to generate positive and negative voltages help meet the demands for more channels per module and smaller form factors. Adaptive power supply for PLC analog output module with output channel protection.

The design provides a unique power saving solution for a digital-to-analog converter DAC -based analog current output module with an adaptive power supply. The analog output can source current up to 24 mA. The protection circuitry does not negatively affect the design and test results showed typical unadjusted errors were less than 0.

The TIDA reference design provides a complete 4-channel, bit analog output module design for programmable logic controllers PLCs. The small form-factor design implements four bit digital-to-analog converters with Bit Analog output module integrated output drivers capable of driving several current and voltage output ranges. The design also includes an over-current protected, isolated power supply providing all necessary module voltages.

With full documentation, test results, design files and necessary firmware, the design makes it easier to evaluate complete signal chain performance and reduces time to market. Texas Instruments digital inputs solutions for factory automation showcase how digital input serializers can be used to achieve higher channel density in the modules. The TI Designs also help with handle overvoltage, isolated power and data transmission in an isolated digital input module.

The TIDA reference design provides a complete 8-channel digital input module front-end reference design for programmable logic controllers PLCs. It is designed and fully tested to meet IEC EMC and surge requirements for industrial automation systems thus reducing the time to market for customer.

The design serializes 8 digital inputs, up to 34 V each, minimizing the number of isolation channels and GPIO pins required of the host interface. Serialized data and control signals are galvanically isolated from the PLC using TIs high-speed, V peak, digital isolator technology. Full documentation, test results, design files and necessary firmware are also available for this design. TI Designs provide insights in how to handle inductive loads, isolation and protection in the digital output module.

Thermal data and highly integrated drivers help meet the demands for more channels per module and smaller form factors. The DS module is then installed by justifying the new component to the bottom ground end of socket. After removing the SmartSocket from the board, perform the necessary board modifications.

There is an alternative to this board modification: install a DSAB memory module. The system will only utilize one-quarter of the memory array, but the changes are less complicated. Figure 1. Placement of a pin module on a pin land pattern. Not drawn to scale. The DS module is then installed by justifying the new component to the bottom ground end of the socket. There is also an alternative to this board modification: install a DSAB memory module.

Figure 2. The device incorporates all the functionality needed to perform in the demanding OEM applications area. They have built-in load diagnostic functions for detecting and diagnosing misconnected outputs to help to reduce test time during the manufacturing process. Using application experience combined with processing know-how, C is an MCU series made for power electronics system designers. C MCUs differentiate in 3 key areas: 1 performance 2 peripherals 3 application expertise. The C architecture is based on DSP fundamentals with single cycle instructions and fast interrupt servicing.

Yet, weve added specific differentiation hooks such as dual-core architectures and signal processing acceleration. These hooks enable both added performance for real-time control applications, as well as enabling differentiated control architectures for power electronics applications. C is known for its robust peripherals. Cs PWMs are industry leading with very flexible waveform generation, industry leading high resolution duty cycle control, high resolution deadband generation, and more.

Add to this fast, bit ADCs and analog integration with application-specific hooks. C peripherals are very powerful for running fast, flexible, and efficient control loops. C has a wealth of experience and knowledge in power electronics applications such as motor control, digital power supplies, solar inverters, power line communications, and more.

We extend this expertise back to our devices and to customers systems with application specific developers kits and application-tuned software libraries. These libraries and hardware reference designs enable designers to rapidly develop differentiated products in a competitive landscape. Functional block diagram. Our ADAS application and preferred sensor technology provides parking assistance, front camera capabilities, blind spot detection, adaptive cruise control, and night vision.

The processed information can be displayed on screens or announced via acoustical warning signals. Texas Instruments automotive infotainment processors are scalable and flexible and enable a broad range of features including navigation, multimedia, advanced speech, and connectivity applications, and include the peripherals that automotive markets need.

Peripherals USB 2. General block diagram. TI and telling us your areas of interest by application, product, etc. To receive automotive updates, be sure to select Automotive under Edit Areas of Interest. Quickly compare performance across multiple parameters for complete systems Designer Series Single-circuit design tools Architect Series Advanced hierarchical design tools Unique Design Features Visualizer and Optimizer Dial. If you have technical difficulty calling the free call number, please use the international number above.

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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products also referred to herein as components are sold subject to TIs terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TIs terms and conditions of sale of semiconductor products.

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Other capture functions return immediately, allowing the application to proceed with other tasks without having to utilize multiple execution threads.

For use along with capture functions that run in the ''background'' are functions to monitor their progress. For example:. Of course, many applications prefer to avoid ''polling'' for status within a loop. An alternative approach is to queue empty frame buffers which are to be filled by the DMA engine:.

Some may also have a asynchronous trigger mode; where the camera exposure and video is quiescent until arrival of a trigger, upon which the sensor is exposed once and a single image sent to the frame grabber.

For the purposes of this discussion on XCLIB triggered capture, this combination is effectively the same as if the camera were in a free-run mode. For a camera and frame grabber combination in free-run mode, triggering consists of selecting a field or frame to capture. Both of these examples depend on the application responding to the general purpose input in a timely manner, and both consume time in wait loops. Neither is a significant problem under single-tasking DOS, but can be a problem under multi-tasking Windows or Linux depending upon how much latency the application allows and what other tasks are running.

It also provides minimal latency and additional options for delaying the capture following the trigger by a specified number of fields or frames. For a camera in asynchronous trigger mode, there are two possible submodes. In one submode, the trigger is external. An example of capturing a single triggered image is:.

For a camera and frame grabber combination in free-run mode, triggering consists of selecting a field or frame on which to start or end capture. For a camera in asynchronous trigger mode, with an external trigger, sequence capture is simply:. This chapter of the manual is a ''generic'' version that discusses triggering and camera integration control for most cameras.

Note that some cameras use unique control signals which are not described here. Contact the camera manufacturer for information regarding the camera's features, capabiltiies, and control signals.

The trigger and camera integration control registers generate the CC1 signal to the camera via the Camera Link cable. The CC1 signal can be generated in response to an external rising or falling edge trigger input, in response to a write to the EXSYNC register, or can be continuously running. Two 16 bit counters and a pixel clock divider determine the timing of the CC1 signal. Some camera modes do not use the width of the CC1 signal, instead they use the edge of CC1 to start an exposure and readout with the exposure controlled internally by the camera.

Write Only. Selects one of 8 outputs of the Pixel Clock divide counter that clocks the camera control state machine clock. Note that the value of the pixel clock divider, N, must be the same for both Exsync and Prin calculations. The Exsync and Prin counters are 16 bits and the value of Exsync and Prin must be less than decimal and greater than 0. The examples that follow assume use of a line scan camera with a pixel clock of By analogy, the term may be used with digital video signals: the portion of signal s containing useful pixel values as indicated by the ''Line Valid'' and ''Frame Valid'' signals.

In contrast to ''Digital Gain'', use of analog gain on dim pixel intensities will, typically, produce an image with both greater contrast and greater continuous tonality, albeit with increased levels of random noise. In ''Controlled Video Mode'' some cameras can overlap exposure of the next frame with output of the current frame, yielding the same frame rate as in free-run mode assuming that the exposure period isn't longer than the output period.

In other cameras, the exposure and output are sequential; the frame rate decreases as the exposure increases, and a frame rate near that of free-run mode is achieved only as the exposure period approaches zero. Digital gain can make a dim image more pleasant to view, but can't introduce additional grey levels or colors.

For example assuming 8 bit pixels , a very dim grey level image whose pixel values range from zero through four can be scaled by The result will have high contrast - both dark and bright pixels - but still have only 5 different grey levels and lack continuous tonality.

The maximum number of files is significant when capturing video to multiple files, one per image. The maximum file size is significant when capturing video with multiple images in a single file. Typically, a camera in genlock video mode can only operate at, or near, a specific frame rate; a slower external signal or video waveform ''genlock input'' will either be ignored or corrupt the video output.

In contrast, a camera in ''Controlled Video Mode'' can operate at various frame rates, from zero up to the camera's designed maximum rate. Different camera manufacturers use various synonyms, such as ''Free-Run Shutter'' but is not to be confused with ''Free-Run Video Mode''.

By analogy, the term may be used with digital video signals as a synonym for the complement of ''Line Valid''. Some cameras are designed to expose all scan lines of the sensor at the same time, eliminating temporal shifts between fields, but output the scan lines in interlace format so as to maintain compatibility with display and capture devices, these are sometimes called ''Progressive Exposure and interlaced Output''.

Some cameras contain a built-in perhaps removable IR-cut filter between the sensor and the lens. Other cameras do not contain an IR-cut filter, allowing a filter, if desired, to be attached to the end of the lens farthest from the sensor. The filter can be removed by replacing one back focus adjustment ring with another. An image composed of RGB pixels, each pixel having identical red, green, and blue values, can be referred to as a monochrome image or a ''colorless color'' image.

As can an image using any other color space such as ''HSB Color'' or ''YCrCb Color'' in which each pixel value resolves to black, white, or a shade of grey. The PCI-Express Interface specification allows operating a card using a lower lane width in a slot supporting a higher lane width, such as using a x1 card in a x4 slot, resulting in x1 bandwidth.

However, the higher lane width slot need not support all lower lane bandwidths; for example, typical computers circa with x16 slots might operate a x4 card but only provide x1 bandwidth, not the desired x4 bandwidth.

The specification also allows operating a card designed for PCI-Express 1. Separately, a pixel clock is used to control the timing and readout within cameras using digital sensors. For some cameras the pixel clock frequency is adjustable; a higher or lower pixel clock frequency provides faster or slower frame rates with corresponding side effects, such as shorter or longer exposure limits, greater or lesser levels of fixed pattern noise, photo response non-uniformity, and random noise.

For cameras with an adjustable pixel clock outputting digital signals, a higher or lower pixel clock frequency also affects the maximum length of the electrical cable connecting the camera and frame grabber. However, many digital cameras may serialize the light sensor's photosites in other than left-to-right and top-to-bottom order. For example, a camera might output the left-most pixel of a row followed by the middle pixel of a row, continue with each pair of neighboring pixels within the row, and continue in the same fashion with each row.

Or a camera might output a pixel of the top row, a pixel of the bottom row, continue with each pair of neighboring pixels within those rows, and continue with each pair of rows inward toward the middle. The number of possible serialization order permutations is quite large. With such cameras, the term ''Scan Line'' may either refer to pixel values from one line of the sensor, or to a ''line'' of values output by the camera during one ''Line Valid''.

Some cameras may have a mechanical shutter or electronic shutter e. LCD mechanism passing light for a ''Shutter Period '', separate from the sensor's integration control.

The sensor's integration control if any may then be distinguished as ''Exposure Period ''. By analogy, the term may be used with digital video signals as a synonym for the complement of ''Frame Valid''. For analog video, the specifications include voltage levels, blanking times, width of sync pulses, lines per frame, and frames per second.

For digital video, the Camera Link specification provides part of the video format, such as the signals used and their relationship; additional specifications are provided by individual cameras using the Camera Link standard, such as resolution, bit depth, pixel clock frequency, and frame rate.

These tests are more commonly known as the ''CE'' test. The testing was performed to class B which has a more restrictive emission limit than the FCC class B limit. To determine if the camera is the source of interference, remove power to the camera or reorient the camera.

If a shielded camera cable is not being used, use a shielded cable. If the camera is the source of interference, contact the camera manufacturer. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, photocopied, or translated into another language without the written consent of EPIX, Inc.

Information in this document is subject to change without obligation or notice. Other brand, product, and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Installation 1. Instructions 1. Computer 2. Connectors 2. Trigger Input and Trigger Output connectors 2. Software Installation 3. For older versions of Windows 3. For Linux 3. Linux Esoterica 3.

Linux 2. Start XCAP 4. Capturing Images 4. Examining Images 4. Altering How the Image is Displayed 4. Zoom 4. Numeric Pixel Values 4. Video Resolution 4. Saving the Video Configuration 4. Camera Controls 4. Integrated Camera Controls 4. Generic Controls 4. Color Cameras 4. Saving Images 4. Capturing an Image Sequence 4. Saving Image Sequences 4.

The Main Window 5. Main Window - File 5. Main Window - Images 5. Main Window - Scripts 5. Main Window - Utility 5. The Image Viewer Window 5. Image Viewer - File 5. Image Viewer - View 5.

Image Viewer - Examine 5. Image Viewer - Modify 5. Image Viewer - Measure 5. Image Viewer - Draw 5. Image Viewer - AOI 5. Image Viewer - View - Shortcuts 5. Image Viewer - View - Status Bar 5. Other Features 5. Road Map - Main Window 5. More Video Capture Modes 6. Free-Run Trigger Capture 6. Asynchronous Trigger Capture 6. Specifications 7. Signal Input and Output: 7. Resolution 7. Frame Rate 7. Bus Requirements 7. Connections 7. Trigger and Camera Integration Control Registers 8.

Camera Timing Formula and Examples 8. Hardware Revisions 9. Glossary Certification and Warranty Certification and Testing Limited Warranty Life Support Footnotes 1. Instructions Use of a static free area and a wrist strap connected to the computer or to the static free area is suggested during installation. Walking can generate static electricity. Hold the bag and the computer at the same time, or place the bag on the computer and touch the computer to dissipate the static charge that may have been created while transporting the frame grabber to the computer.

Power down the notebook computer, and remove the power from all equipment to be connected. Do not use excessive force. If the frame grabber is not lined up with the slot correctly, excessive force can cause damage to the slot and the frame grabber. ExpressCard slots are either alternate action or have an eject lever.

Alternate action slots latch on one push and eject on the next push. These two cables must be the exact same length, manufacturer, and cable type; otherwise, small differences in signal propagation time may interfere with image capture.

Power up the camera s and computer. In case of problems, refer to the In Case of Trouble chapter. Computer The size and the number of images that can be stored in memory on the motherboard is a function of the amount of memory that can be spared by the operating system.

The amount of memory requested by XCAP by default depends on the operating system. Some operating systems may require up to 2 gigabytes to operate efficiently. Pin 1 Ground. TRG IN is pulled up to 3. Pin 12 Ground. Click ''OK''. Follow the installation program's directions, such as to select an installation directory. Delete the downloaded.

EXE file from your computer's hard drive. The installation procedure creates a new program group, containing XCAP and several. TXT files. TXT files contain these installation instructions, a list of distributed files, corrections or additions to this manual, or other up-to-date information. The installation procedure also, optionally, creates a desktop shortcut for XCAP.

INF for Windows 7 Bit within the chosen installation directory, right-click and select ''Install'', and restart Windows. Restart Windows. If no frame buffer memory size is specified, a default size of kBytes is used. Windows must be restarted for the new specification to take effect. Requesting memory partitioned into blocks may allow receiving more memory that would be available as a single block. However, a Each frame buffer must be completely contained within a partition, and b The maximum number of partitions is under 32 bit operating systems, the maximum number of partitions is under 64 bit operating systems.

When using more than 1 or 2 GBytes of image memory, it may be necessary to append: -MU 0x01 to the ''PIXCI'' field, conserving system memory mapping resources by not mapping the image memory directly into the application program's space. It may also be necessary to append: -MU 0x03 which additionally conserves system resources by mapping memory only on demand.

Restart Windows, using the newly added boot selection. As before, Windows must be shut down and restarted. EXE -help provides for installing, uninstalling, and listing the installed modules to support authorization keys. The authorization key's vendor does not provide detailed information regarding installation of drivers for USB port authorization keys.

Note that using Windows' Shutdown instead of Restart may delay Windows' recognition of these changes until the second subsequent shutdown! For Linux Super user privileges are required to complete the installation procedure. Execute the downloaded program [3] from a shell prompt. The pcitips. Configure Graphics Display: Configuring the graphics display to TrueColor or DirectColor modes using XWindows terminology , or to 24 or 32 bit modes using graphic display hardware terminology is suggested for higher quality, and quicker display of images and overlay graphics.

XCAP is now ready to run, by executing [4] ''xcap'', or by clicking the optional shortcut. Use pixci. In brief, use lsmod for a list of currently installed modules and remove any named videodev , i2c , i2c-char , tuner , msp , bt , or bttv by using rmmod. If no frame buffer memory size is specified, a default size of kBytes is used under 32 bit Linux.

For example, changing: title Fedora Core 2. Change the Driver Configuration Parameters.